Psychological Characteristics of the Elite Performer: Its all in their head, part 2

Part 1: Personality

Part 2: Motivation

Motivational constructs must also be considered as one of the distinguishing psychological characteristics of elite athletes. Looking at motivation, it is evident that motivation is best understood by the interaction of the individual and his/her situational influences. There are many theories that attempt to explain motivation, however, certain factors remain consistent in achieving optimum performance. Athletes with high perceptions of competence and self-control tend to facilitate intrinsic motivation, aka motivation from within. (Attention all hockey parents, I suggest you read that last statement again!) As a result, the confidence in one’s abilities tends to develop via the overcoming of obstacles through persistence and positive feedback. This is also further perpetuated when goals are task oriented rather than outcome oriented. That is, goals that focus on a particular skill accomplishment versus the attainment of, for example, a medal (for some, this may be hard to believe but my guess is that more often than not, personal bests are sought). Furthermore, athletes who perceive rewards as being informational and educational, tend to develop an increased competence, self-worth, and self-determination. This positive feedback influences one’s motivational levels and consequently, may facilitate elite performance. Lastly, having a high level of autonomy tends to increase one’s self-determinant motivation, and thus, also potentially contributing to one’s athletic success. Therefore, while intrinsic motivation seems to be the driving force behind sport success, motivation is best conceptualized by the interaction between the intrinsic and extrinsic environments.

Taking both into account may further provide insight into the distinguishing characteristics of elite athletes!

Tomorrow: Anxiety and Arousal